The Brussel Effect is a concept used to describe the regulatory standards in digital field shaped by the European Union with the aim of making these rules a global norm.
The honest answer is that Europe’s rulebook behaves like gravity. You don’t have to like it, but if your system, model, or even just its outputs touch the Union, it
Brussels doesn’t need to rule your market to write your rules. It only needs to sit at the gate. With the EU’s Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA), that gatekeeping power
In recent years, the European Union has made significant strides in regulating digital content. Laws like the Audiovisual Media Services Directive (AVMSD), the Digital Services Act (DSA), and Germany’s NetzDG
How would you feel if I told you that, in the days before the internet fit in our pockets—when it glowed from a desktop tower onto a CRT monitor stayed
In 2019, the European Union (EU) introduced a set of 22 indicators to measure the successes of digital transformation. These indicators were used as a guide by Türkiye to enhance
When Turkey passed its Law on the Protection of Personal Data (KVKK) in 2016, it was widely seen as a bold step toward EU-style privacy protection. Modeled closely after the
Over the past decade, the EU has produced an almost continuous stream of heavyweight digital regulations, including GDPR, the Digital Markets Act (DMA), the Digital Services Act, the AI Act,
The ideal of liberty has always been under attack from various circles. In the past, before the modern era, individual freedom had been limited by absolutist monarchs as well as
Although this study is dedicated to the transparency of competition investigations in Turkey, it concerns issues highly relevant to other legal systems. Transparency is an essential element of rule of